Journal: Oncology Letters

Article Title: RNA methyltransferase NSUN2 enhances vasculogenic mimicry and malignant progression of cervical cancer through upregulation of MMP-9

doi: 10.3892/ol.2026.15518

Figure Lengend Snippet: MMP-9 , a factor that promotes Vasculogenic mimicry, is highly expressed in CC and is associated with poor prognosis. (A) CC database of TCGA was used to analyze key factors associated with VM. (B) Association of Sox2 expression with overall survival in CC (log-rank test). (C) Association of MMP-9 expression with overall survival in CC (log-rank test). (D) Panoramic scans after immunohistochemical detection of MMP-9 and H&E staining in samples from cancerous and paracancerous tissues from subjects with CC. Scale bar, 50 µm. Original magnification, ×20. (E) Protein levels of MMP-9 in 20 paired samples, with the MMP-9 level in CC tissue expressed compared with that in the paired normal tissue. (F) Expression levels of MMP-9 mRNA in 44 paired CC and paracancerous tissues, with MMP-9 expression in CC tissue expressed compared with that in the paired normal tissue. (G) Comparison of the average expression levels of MMP-9 mRNA in CC tissues compared with paracancerous tissues. (H) HeLa and SiHa cells were incubated under hypoxia (0.1% O 2 ) and proteins collected at 24, 48 and 72 h for western blotting of ALDH1, EPHA2, MMP-9 and GAPDH. ImageJ was used to semi-quantify western blotting signals from HeLa (I) and SiHa (J) cells. GAPDH served as an internal reference. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001. MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase 9; VM, vasculogenic mimicry; ALDH1, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1; EPHA2, ephrin type-A receptor 2; TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas; Sox2, SRY-box transcription factor 2; CC, cervical cancer; CESC, cervical squamous cell carcinoma.

Article Snippet: The tissue samples were treated with PH9.0 EDTA repair solution for antigen retrieval and then treated with a rabbit polyclonal anti-CD31 antibody (1:2,000; cat. no. AB76533; Abcam), a rabbit polyclonal anti-NSUN2 antibody (1:200; cat. no. AB259941; Abcam) or a rabbit polyclonal anti-MMP-9 antibody (1:200; cat. no. 10375-2-AP; Proteintech Group, Inc.; Wuhan Sanying Biotechnology).

Techniques: Expressing, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Comparison, Incubation, Western Blot

Journal: Oncology Letters

Article Title: RNA methyltransferase NSUN2 enhances vasculogenic mimicry and malignant progression of cervical cancer through upregulation of MMP-9

doi: 10.3892/ol.2026.15518

Figure Lengend Snippet: NSUN2 promotes Vasculogenic mimicry, invasion and migration of CC cells under hypoxic conditions. (A) Expression levels of NSUN2 in CC cells lines (HeLa, SiHa, CaSki, C33A and HT-3) and in a normal cervical cell line (HaCaT). (B) RT-qPCR was used to determine relative expression levels of NSUN2 mRNA in HeLa and SiHa cells after transfection of shRNAs and incubation under hypoxia for 24 h. (C) Relative expression levels of MMP-9 mRNA in HeLa and SiHa cells transfected with the NSUN2 -interfering plasmid and incubated under hypoxia for 24 h. (D) Dot blot assay analysis of m 5 C expression levels in HeLa and SiHa cells after 48 h of hypoxia culture following transfection with NSUN2 knockdown plasmids. (E) Semi-quantitative analysis of dot blot results in HeLa cells. (F) Semi-quantitative analysis of dot blot results in SiHa cells. (G) Western blotting was used to investigate NSUN2 and MMP-9 protein levels in HeLa and SiHa cells transfected with the NSUN2 -interfering plasmid and incubated under hypoxia for 48 h. ImageJ was used to semi-quantify western blotting bands for (H) NSUN2 and (I) MMP-9 protein levels. (J) 2D tube-forming assays of HeLa and SiHa cells transfected with an NSUN2 -interfering plasmid and incubated under hypoxia. Scale bar, 100 µm. Original magnification, ×4. (K) Assay displayed in panel (J) was quantified using Image Pro. (L) Invasion assay of HeLa and SiHa cells transfected with a control plasmid, shNSUN2-2 or shNSUN2-3 or with shNSUN2 and pcDNA MMP-9. Scale bar, 200 µm. Original magnification, ×10. (M) Assay displayed in panel was quantified using Image Pro. (N) Migration assay of HeLa and SiHa cells transfected with a control plasmid, shNSUN2-2 or shNSUN2-3 or with shNSUN2 and pcDNA MMP-9. Scale bar, 200 µm. Original magnification, ×10. (O) Assay displayed in panel (N) was quantified using Image Pro. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001. VM, Vasculogenic mimicry; CC, cervical cancer; IHC, immunohistochemistry; NSUN2, NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase 2; m 5 C, 5-methylcytidine; RT-qPCR, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR; IHC, immunohistochemistry; CaSki, human cervical cancer cell line with intestinal metastasis; C33A, human cervical cancer cell line; HaCaT, human skin keratinocytes cell line; HeLa, human cervical cancer cell line; HT-3, human cervical cancer cell line; MMP9, matrix metalloproteinase 9; SiHa, human cervical squamous cell line; pcDNA, plasmid cloning DNA; shRNA, short hairpin RNA; NC, negative control.

Article Snippet: The tissue samples were treated with PH9.0 EDTA repair solution for antigen retrieval and then treated with a rabbit polyclonal anti-CD31 antibody (1:2,000; cat. no. AB76533; Abcam), a rabbit polyclonal anti-NSUN2 antibody (1:200; cat. no. AB259941; Abcam) or a rabbit polyclonal anti-MMP-9 antibody (1:200; cat. no. 10375-2-AP; Proteintech Group, Inc.; Wuhan Sanying Biotechnology).

Techniques: Migration, Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Transfection, Incubation, Plasmid Preparation, Dot Blot, Knockdown, Quantitative Dot Blot, Western Blot, Invasion Assay, Control, Immunohistochemistry, Reverse Transcription, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Cloning, shRNA, Negative Control

Journal: Oncology Letters

Article Title: RNA methyltransferase NSUN2 enhances vasculogenic mimicry and malignant progression of cervical cancer through upregulation of MMP-9

doi: 10.3892/ol.2026.15518

Figure Lengend Snippet: NSUN2 increases the stability of MMP-9 mRNA. (A) A positive correlation was observed between NSUN2 and MMP-9 mRNA expression levels in 44 pairs of samples from subjects with CC. Enrichment of the m 5 C modification of MMP-9 mRNA in HeLa (B) and SiHa (C) Cells were measured with anti-m 5 C methylated-RNA IP assays. Interaction of NSUN2 with MMP-9 mRNA in (D) HeLa and (E) SiHa cells was measured with anti- NSUN2 RNA IP assays. Stability of MMP-9 mRNA after interference with and overexpression of NSUN2 was measured in (F) HeLa and (G) SiHa cells. (H) A model illustrating the proposed mechanism by which NSUN2-mediated stabilization of MMP-9 mRNA promotes Vasculogenic mimicry in CC. NSUN2, NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase 2; m 5 C, 5-methylcytidine; pcDNA, plasmid cloning DNA; shRNA, short hairpin RNA; HeLa, human cervical cancer cell line; MMP9, matrix metalloproteinase 9; SiHa, human cervical squamous cell line; IP, immunoprecipitation; CC, cervical cancer; NC, negative control.

Article Snippet: The tissue samples were treated with PH9.0 EDTA repair solution for antigen retrieval and then treated with a rabbit polyclonal anti-CD31 antibody (1:2,000; cat. no. AB76533; Abcam), a rabbit polyclonal anti-NSUN2 antibody (1:200; cat. no. AB259941; Abcam) or a rabbit polyclonal anti-MMP-9 antibody (1:200; cat. no. 10375-2-AP; Proteintech Group, Inc.; Wuhan Sanying Biotechnology).

Techniques: Expressing, Modification, Methylation, Over Expression, Plasmid Preparation, Cloning, shRNA, Immunoprecipitation, Negative Control

Journal: Journal of Advanced Research

Article Title: Hyodeoxycholic acid relieves neuropathic pain by activating farnesoid X receptor signaling

doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2025.07.017

Figure Lengend Snippet: HDCA upregulates the intestinal PPAR-γ and downregulates the MMP-9/2 expression. (A) The degree of the node between the HDCA and the intersection target. (B) Molecular docking analysis between HDCA and PPAR-γ. (C) Molecular docking analysis between HDCA and MMP-9. (D) Molecular docking analysis between HDCA and MMP-2. (E-G) Relative expression of mRNA of ppar-γ, mmp9 and mmp2 in the distal ileum. (n = 6) . (H) Representative protein immunoblots in distal ileum. (I-K) Relative expression of PPAR-γ, MMP-9, MMP-2 (n = 3–4). (L) Representative immunohistochemical staining and quantitative analysis of MMP-2+ (M), PPAR-γ+ (N) and MMP-9+ (O) cells in the distal ileum (scale bar, 100 μm, n = 6). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 by One-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey's test (E–G, I–K, M–O). Data is presented as mean ± SEM.

Article Snippet: Tissue sections of each group were blocked with 1 % bovine serum albumin and 10 % donkey serum at room temperature for 1 h and then incubated at 4 °C overnight with primary antibodies for neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN) (1:500, Abcam, ab104224), ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA-1) (1:500, Abcam, ab5076), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (1:500, Millipore, MAB360), FXR (1:200, Proteintech, 25055–1-AP), MMP-2 (1:200, Proteintech, 10373-2-AP), MMP-9 (1:200, Proteintech, 10375-2-AP), PPAR-γ (1:200, Proteintech, 16643–1-AP), NLRP3 (1:200, Immunoway, YT5382), and cluster of differentiation 86 (CD86) (1:200, CST, #91882).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining

Journal: Journal of Advanced Research

Article Title: Hyodeoxycholic acid relieves neuropathic pain by activating farnesoid X receptor signaling

doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2025.07.017

Figure Lengend Snippet: HDCA upregulates PPAR-γ expression and reduces MMP-9/2 expression in the spinal cord. (A–C) The relative expression of mRNA in spinal cord of ppar-γ, mmp9 and mmp2 . (n = 6) . (D–G) Representative immunoblots of proteins and relative expression of PPAR-γ, MMP-2, MMP-9 (n = 4). (H–J) Immunofluorescence staining of PPAR-γ, MMP-9, MMP-2 in spinal cord (scale, 100 μm). (n = 3). (K) Heatmap of Correlation Analysis. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 by One-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey's test (A–D, F, G). Data is presented as mean ± SEM.

Article Snippet: Tissue sections of each group were blocked with 1 % bovine serum albumin and 10 % donkey serum at room temperature for 1 h and then incubated at 4 °C overnight with primary antibodies for neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN) (1:500, Abcam, ab104224), ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA-1) (1:500, Abcam, ab5076), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (1:500, Millipore, MAB360), FXR (1:200, Proteintech, 25055–1-AP), MMP-2 (1:200, Proteintech, 10373-2-AP), MMP-9 (1:200, Proteintech, 10375-2-AP), PPAR-γ (1:200, Proteintech, 16643–1-AP), NLRP3 (1:200, Immunoway, YT5382), and cluster of differentiation 86 (CD86) (1:200, CST, #91882).

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Staining

Journal: Journal of Advanced Research

Article Title: Hyodeoxycholic acid relieves neuropathic pain by activating farnesoid X receptor signaling

doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2025.07.017

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fxr knock down abolished the protective effect of HDCA in neuropathic pain. (A) Immunofluorescence staining showing FXR co-localization in spinal cord. (scale, 25 μm). (B) Immunofluorescence staining demonstrating MMP-2 colocalization in spinal cord. (scale, 25 μm). (C) Immunofluorescence staining showing PPAR-γ colocalization in spinal cord. (scale, 25 μm). (D) Immunofluorescence staining showing MMP-9 colocalization in spinal cord. (scale, 25 μm). (E) Immunofluorescence staining of FXR and MMP-2 colocalization in spinal cord. (scale, 25 μm). (F) Representative immunoblots of protein expression in the spinal cord from Fxr -/- mice. (G) Relative expression of PPAR-γ, MMP-2 and MMP-9 (n = 4). (H) Representative immunoblots for the proteins in spinal cord following INT-747 treatment. (I) PWT of Fxr -/- mice following HDCA or INT-747 treatment. (n = 6). (J) PWL of Fxr -/- mice following HDCA or INT-747 treatment. (n = 6). (K) Relative expression of PPAR-γ, MMP-2 and MMP-9 following INT-747 treatment. (n = 4). (L, M) Representative immunoblots for the proteins in spinal cord and relative expression of PPAR-γ, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in Fxr -/- mice following HDCA treatment. (n = 4). * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, ns by unpaired Student's t‐test (G, M). ns by Two-way repeated ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni’s test (I and J), * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001 by One-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey's test (K). Data are represented as mean ± SEM.

Article Snippet: Tissue sections of each group were blocked with 1 % bovine serum albumin and 10 % donkey serum at room temperature for 1 h and then incubated at 4 °C overnight with primary antibodies for neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN) (1:500, Abcam, ab104224), ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA-1) (1:500, Abcam, ab5076), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (1:500, Millipore, MAB360), FXR (1:200, Proteintech, 25055–1-AP), MMP-2 (1:200, Proteintech, 10373-2-AP), MMP-9 (1:200, Proteintech, 10375-2-AP), PPAR-γ (1:200, Proteintech, 16643–1-AP), NLRP3 (1:200, Immunoway, YT5382), and cluster of differentiation 86 (CD86) (1:200, CST, #91882).

Techniques: Knockdown, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Western Blot, Expressing

Journal: Kidney International Reports

Article Title: Kidney Injury Urine Biomarker Normal Ranges in Children

doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2026.106348

Figure Lengend Snippet: LMS percentiles for urinary MCP-1 (boys, a; girls, b) and (c) PIIINP to creatinine ratios in the HARP cohort. The 5th, 10th, 25th (dashed line), 50th (bold line), 75th (dashed line), 90th, and 95th percentiles are given. Data on boys and girls is given as blue triangles and orange dots, respectively. crea, creatinine; HARP, Hannover reference values for pediatrics; LMS, lambda-mu-sigma; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; PIIINP, procollagen type III amino-terminal propeptide.

Article Snippet: Urinary concentrations of KIM-1 (Quantikine ELISA, R&D system; MN Catalog No. DKM100; sensitivity 0.046 ng/ml), NGAL (Quantikine ELISA, R&D system; MN, Catalog No. DLCN20; sensitivity 0.04 ng/ml), DKK3 (Duo Set ELISA, R&D system; MN, Catalog No. DY1118, sensitivity 31.2 pg/ml), CHI3L1 (Quantikine ELISA, R&D system; MN, Catalog No. DC3L10; sensitivity 8.15 pg/ml), MCP-1 (Quantikine ELISA, R&D system;MN, Catalog No. DCP00; sensitivity 10 pg/ml), PIIINP (Novus Biologicals, Wiesbaden Nordenstadt, Germany, Catalog No. NBP2-76434; sensitivity 14.06 pg/ml), and EGF (Quantikine ELISA, R&D system; MN, Catalog No. DEG00; sensitivity 0.7 pg/ml) were measured using ELISA, according to the manufacturer’s protocols.

Techniques:

Journal: Molecular Medicine Reports

Article Title: Prenatal lipopolysaccharide exposure programs cardiac fibrosis via dysregulating of connexin 43 in offspring rats

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2026.13830

Figure Lengend Snippet: BW of offspring rats from 1-day to 16-week-old (A). Heart damages in offspring at the age of 8 and 16 weeks, including the ratios (B) LVW/BW, (C) HW/BW and (D) NT-proBNP level in serum. Concentration of Ang II in (E) left ventricle and (F) serum. Data are presented as mean ± SD. n=10 in each group (A-C) and n=7 in each group (D-F). *P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs Con. BW, body weight; HW, heart weight; LVW, left ventricular weight; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; Ang II, angiotensin II; Con, control; LPS, lipopolysaccharide.

Article Snippet: Serum concentrations of N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP; cat. no. E-EL-R3023) and Ang II, along with myocardial tissue levels of Ang II (cat. no. E-EL-R1430c), were quantified using commercial ELISA kits (Elabscience Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) following manufacturer protocols.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Control

Journal: Journal of Advanced Research

Article Title: Gut microbiota-derived xanthohumol protects against heatstroke by inhibiting macrophage pyroptosis in mice

doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2025.07.031

Figure Lengend Snippet: Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota contributes to heatstroke-induced organ injury in mice. (A) PCoA plot based on the weighted UniFrac distance matrices in mice treated with or without heatstroke. n = 8. (B–C) Relative abundance of bacteria at the phylum level (B) and the genus level (C) in the cecal contents of mice. n = 8. (D) LEfSe analysis between the two groups. n = 8. (E) Schematic process of FMT experiment. Tissue samples were harvested 12 h later. (F) Plasma concentration of ALT, AST, and Cr, and total protein contents in BALF. Experimental design as in (1E). n = 5. (G) H&E staining of the liver, kidney, and lung. The box plots showed the quantitative analysis histopathological score in each group. Scale bars, 100 μm. n = 6. (H) TUNEL staining and quantification of dead cells of the liver, kidney, and lung. Experimental design as in (1E). Scale bars, 100 μm. n = 6. (I) Plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in each group. Experimental design as in (1E). n = 5–6. (J) Immunohistological staining of and quantification of CD68 + cells in the lung tissue. Experimental design as in (1E). Scale bars, 100 μm. n = 5–6. Data are represented as the mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05 were determined by adonis analysis and anosim analysis in A, two-tailed Student's t -test in F–J.

Article Snippet: Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was measured by a commercial kit (Beyotime, China) as previously described [ ].

Techniques: Bacteria, Clinical Proteomics, Concentration Assay, Staining, TUNEL Assay, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Journal of Advanced Research

Article Title: Gut microbiota-derived xanthohumol protects against heatstroke by inhibiting macrophage pyroptosis in mice

doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2025.07.031

Figure Lengend Snippet: Decreased abundances of L. murinus and XN are induced by heatstroke. (A and B) PCA scatter plots and volcano plots of non-targeted metabolomics analysis in the cecal contents of mice treated with or without heatstroke exposure. n = 6. (C) Molecular structure of XN. (D–F) Measurements of XN in the cecum and plasma of mice treated with or without heatstroke exposure were determined by LC-MS/MS. n = 6. (G) The concentration of XN in the cecum of mice treated with or without ABX was determined by LC-MS/MS. n = 4. (H) The relative abundances of BA, AKK, Lachnospiraceae bacterium_28_4 , and L. murinus in control and heatstroke-treated mice were determined by RT-PCR. n = 6. (I–K) Measurement of XN in the culture supernatants with the mouse chow (MC) was determined by LC-MS/MS. n = 5. (L) Measurement of XN in the feces of mice treated with or without L. murinus . n = 6. (M) Schematic process of the L. murinus intervention: heatstroke-treated mice were pretreated with daily oral administration of L. murinus for 7 days. Tissue samples were harvested 12 h later. (N) Plasma ALT, AST, and Cr levels, and total protein contents in BALF. Experimental design as in (2 M). n = 6. (O) H&E staining and histopathological score of the liver, kidney, and lung. Experimental design as in (2 M). Scale bars, 100 μm. n = 6. (P) TUNEL staining and quantification of dead cells of the liver, kidney, and lung. Experimental design as in (2 M). Scale bars, 100 μm. n = 6. Data are represented as the mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05, ns p > 0.05 were determined by adonis analysis and anosim analysis in A, two-tailed Student's t -test in E–L, N–P.

Article Snippet: Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was measured by a commercial kit (Beyotime, China) as previously described [ ].

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectroscopy, Concentration Assay, Control, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Staining, TUNEL Assay, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Journal of Advanced Research

Article Title: Gut microbiota-derived xanthohumol protects against heatstroke by inhibiting macrophage pyroptosis in mice

doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2025.07.031

Figure Lengend Snippet: Gut microbiota-derived XN protects against heatstroke in a murine model. (A) Schematic process of the XN administration: heatstroke-treated mice were pretreated with XN orally once a day for 3 days. Tissue samples were harvested 12 h later. (B) Plasma ALT, AST, and Cr levels, and MPO activity in the lung. Experimental design as in (3A). n = 7. (C) H&E staining and histopathological scores of the liver, kidney, and lung. Experimental design as in (3A). Scale bars, 100 μm. n = 7. (D) TUNEL staining and quantification of dead cells of the liver, kidney, and lung. Experimental design as in (3A). Scale bars, 100 μm. n = 7. (E) The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in each group. Experimental design as in (3A). n = 6. (F) Immunohistological staining of and quantification of CD68 + cells in the lung tissue. Experimental design as in (3A). Scale bars, 100 μm. n = 6. Data are represented as the mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05 were determined by one-way ANOVA (Tukey's test) in B–F.

Article Snippet: Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was measured by a commercial kit (Beyotime, China) as previously described [ ].

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Clinical Proteomics, Activity Assay, Staining, TUNEL Assay

Journal: Journal of Advanced Research

Article Title: Gut microbiota-derived xanthohumol protects against heatstroke by inhibiting macrophage pyroptosis in mice

doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2025.07.031

Figure Lengend Snippet: XN treatment suppresses macrophage pyroptosis in heatstroke. (A) Schematic process of the experimental approach: heatstroke-treated mice were pretreated with oral XN once a day for 3 days, and mice were treated with 200 mL LIPO intraperitoneally 24 h before heatstroke exposure. Tissue samples were harvested 12 h later. (B) Plasma ALT, AST, and Cr levels, and total protein contents in BALF. Experimental design as in (4A). n = 6. (C) H&E staining and histopathological score of the liver, kidney, and lung. Experimental design as in (4A). Scale bars, 100 μm. n = 6. (D) TUNEL staining and quantification of dead cells of the liver, kidney, and lung. Experimental design as in (4A). Scale bars, 100 μm. n = 6. (E) Representative TEM images of peritoneal macrophages in mice. Red arrows: the peritoneal macrophage pyroptosis. Experimental design as in (4A). Scale bars, 2 μm. (F) The mRNA levels of Nlrp3, Casp1, Gsdmd, Nlrp6, and Txnip in sorting PMs (peritoneal macrophages) after heatstroke exposure. n = 5. Data are represented as the mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05, ns p > 0.05 were determined by one-way ANOVA (Tukey's test) in B–D, unpaired two-tailed Student's t -test in F. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Article Snippet: Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was measured by a commercial kit (Beyotime, China) as previously described [ ].

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Staining, TUNEL Assay, Two Tailed Test